Framework for social-ecological resilience

A three-dimensional model for implementing resilience in social-ecological urban systems (SEUS), where the capacities and actions of actors, and the connections between them, continually influence system dynamics. Building urban resilience requires actors within the social-ecological (urban) system to understand the multi-scalar system (city, region, neighbourhood, planet) in itself and as a context for their actions, incorporate diversity within the process, and encourage and manage the resultant heterogeneity. These correspond to three areas of social-ecological resilience theory: spatial-temporal interconnectedness, diversity, and heterogeneity respectively.