Protocol for validation of RealSpine high fidelity lumbar spine simulators

Protocol for RealSpine validation March 2023.

Face, content, construct validation of RealSpine lumbar spine models (obtained from realists.de) for lumbar decompression.

Simulation study involving early stage neurosurgical trainees and consultant neurosurgeons performing lumbar decompression using standard surgical instruments, with Orbeye exoscope magnification. Validity of surgical simulator to be established using performance indicators (including OSAT) in trainees and experts.